Hound Dogs

The breeds of the hound group are among those that have worked most closely in cooperation with humans, having helped us to hunt and survive. They are particularly devoted to their masters and, in return, they have earned great respect and admiration.
The hounds are divided into two groups:

• sight hounds, which pursue quarry mainly by visual contact; and
• scent hounds, which hunt with the exceptional canine sense of smell.

The French have contributed a great deal to the breeding of scent hounds, partly because successive French kings and their retainers used them to flush game from all corners of the extensive royal forests. Scent hounds are usually quite happy to coexist with other dogs and are at their happiest when using their formidable scenting abilities to follow a trail. Most scent hound breeds are squarely proportioned, standing as tall at the shoulder as their body is long (the short-legged Bassets being one notable exception). Sight hounds, in comparison, are more aerodynamic, sleek, and graceful creatures - being long-limbed and often deep-chested, supporting a large lung capacity that enables them to pursue prey at high speed. A characteristic of many of the hound breeds is their ability to produce the distinctive (and, for many people, unnerving) sound called baying.

As pets, hounds are energetic dogs that need plenty of exercise, including long daily walks and/or a long run off the leash every day. They are not especially territorial, but they do retain a strong instinct to chase prey-sized creatures be they rabbits, squirrels, cats, or simply sticks, balls, and other toys so they should be exercised in a secure area.

Both Sight and Scenthounds tend to be intelligent, and independant thinkers. Don't expect hounds to be experts in obedience, they do not respond well to drills or overly firm training. They are not ideal for the first dog owner. Hounds tend to be relatively healthy with few major problems, life expentancy averages 12 years.

Sighthounds, also called gazehounds, are hounds that primarily hunt by speed and sight, instead of by scent and endurance, as scent hounds do.

Like their name implies, the hunt by keeping their prey in sight, and overpowering it by their great speed and agility. They must be able to quickly detect motion, so they have keen vision. Sighthounds must be able to capture fast, agile prey such as deer and hare, so they have a very flexible back and long legs for a long stride, a deep chest to support an unusually (compared to other dogs) large heart, very efficient lungs for both anaerobic and aerobic sprints, and a lean, wiry body to keep their weight at a minimum.

The typical sighthound also has a light, lean head, which is referred to as being dolichocephalic in its proportions. This shape can create the illusion that their heads are longer than usual. Dolichocephaly is actually a characteristic of wolves and other wild carnivores, and is related to the need for stereoscopic vision in active hunting. For reasons not yet understood, most domesticated animals including dogs (other than the sighthounds) have become brachycephalic - short-headed - and have partially lost this aspect of their field of vision (see cephalic index).

History
Sighthounds such as the Saluki may have existed for at least 5,000 years, with the earliest known sighthounds appearing in Eurasia. The earliest description of a sighthound in European recorded history comes from Arrian's Cynegeticus, of the 2nd century AD. Although today most sighthounds are kept primarily as pets, they have been bred for thousands of years to detect movement, chase, capture, and kill prey primarily by speed. They thrive on physical activity. Some have mellow personalities, others are watchful or even hostile towards strangers, but the instinct to chase running animals remains strong.

Apart from coursing, open-field coursing, and hunting , various dog sports are practiced with purebred sighthounds, and sometimes with Lurchers and Longdogs. Such sports include racing, lure coursing, and other events.

Miscellaneous
The fastest sighthound, the Greyhound, can reach speeds of just over 40 mph (64 km/h).Some breeds or varieties of hounds have historically been called "Half-Sighthounds", in particular the Mediterranean Islands hunting dogs, which have erect ears and use scent and hearing predominantly when they chase their main prey. the rabbit.

In many countries, sighthounds may not be exercised off leash, due to their propensity to chase and hunt anything that moves.

The Sighthound family includes
Afghan Hound
Africanis (Bantu Hound, Hottentott Hound, Kafir Hound, Khoikhoi Hound, Zulu Hound)
American Staghound
Azawakh
Basenji
Borzoi
Chart Polski (Polish Greyhound)
Chippiparai
Circassian Orloff Wolfhound
Cirneco dell'Etna
Combai
Galgo Espanol (Spanish Greyhound)
Greyhound
Hortaya Borzaya (Chortaj)
Ibizan Hound (Podenco Ibicenco)
Irish Wolfhound
Italian Greyhound
Kaikadi
Kangaroo Dog
Kanni
Khalag Tazi
Longdog
Lurcher
Magyar Agar (Hungarian Greyhound)
Mudhol Hound
Pashmi Hound
Pharaoh Hound (Kelb tal-Fenek)
Podenco Canario (Canary Islands Hound)
Podenco Andaluz (Andaluzian Podenco)
Portuguese Podengo (Podengo Portugues)
Rajapalayam
Rampur Greyhound
Redbone Coonhound
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Saluki
Santal Hound
Scottish Deerhound
Silken Windhound
Sloughi
South Russian Steppe Hound
Taigan
Tasy
Treeing Walker Coonhound
Vaghari Greyhound
Whippet

Scent hounds
are hounds that primarily hunt by scent rather than sight. They are generally regarded as having some of the most sensitive noses among canines.

These dogs specialize in following a smell or scent. Most of these breeds have long, drooping ears. One theory says that this trait helps to collect scent from the air and keep it near the dog's face and nose. They also have large nasal cavities, the better to process scent. Their typically loose, moist lips are said to assist in trapping scent particles.

Most of these breeds have deep, booming voices and use them actively when running, and especially when following a scent trail. Although this is a nuisance in settled areas, it is a valuable trait that allows the dog's handler to follow the dog or pack of dogs during a hunt even when they are out of sight, such as when following a fox through woodland.

Scent hounds do not need to be as fast as sight hounds because they do not need to keep prey in sight, but they need endurance so that they can stick with a scent and follow it for long distances over rough terrain. The best scent hounds can follow a scent trail even across running water and even when it is several days old. Most scent hounds, even when kept as pets, still are happiest when following a scent trail.

Most scent hounds were used for hunting in packs, sometimes with multiple dogs in a single pack. Longer-legged hounds ran more quickly and usually required that the hunters follow on horseback; shorter-legged hounds allowed hunters to follow on foot.

The Scent Hound family includes:
Basset hound
Bavarian Mountain hound
Beagle
Beagle-Harrier
Bloodhound
Brachet
Coonhound
Black and Tan Coonhound
Redbone Coonhound
Bluetick Coonhound
English Coonhound
Treeing Walker Coonhound
Plott Hound
Dachshund (Short Haired)
Dachshund (Long Haired)
Dachshund (Wire-haired)
Foxhound
Grand Basset Griffon Vendeen (GBVB)
Grand Bleu de Gascogne
Harrier Dog
Ibizan hound
Irish Wolfhound
Kerry Beagle
Kritikos Ichnilatis (Cretan Hound)
Norwegian Elkhound
Otterhound
Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
Polish Hound (pl.Ogar Polski )
Polish Scenthound (pl.Gonczy Polski )
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Scottish Deerhound
Zyler hound